Tuesday, June 26, 2012

Pipe Line Networks And Analysis

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Introduction

In the process industry, networks of somewhat different kind are encountered in relation to the closed loop utility circulation systems viz. cooling water, refrigeration brine and thermic fluid systems.

The distribution of fluid flow in different loops of the network is dictated by process requirements as in case of utilities (water, brine, thermic fluid) or by statutory regulations as in the case of the firewater distribution system for Fire protection.

Piping networks are encountered in fire protection systems wherein ring mains have to be installed to deliver water different locations.

Sunday, June 24, 2012

Colour Coding of Pipelines (Piping)

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Identification and colour coding for the pipelines is essential to avoid potential hazards, accidents. Giving a colour code and maintaining the uniformity for colour coding in industrial piping will eliminate accidental chances, reduces operational errors. Moreover it enhances the safety aspects.

Different companies, local regulations have prepared the standards for colour coding of the pipelines

Examples: IS: 2379
BS: 1710
ANSI A 13.1

Colour coding or the colouring scheme is to know, identify which fluid is flowing inside the pipelines. This can be applicable to building piping, process piping, industrial piping, chemical or process plants. Complete piping systems including valves, fittings are to be painted accordingly.

Wednesday, June 20, 2012

An Introduction To Rig Types And Basic Drilling String Components

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RIG TYPES

Overview:

Drilling rigs like these bore or drill holes into the earth. Usually they drill to find oil or gas. They work both on land and offshore. Some are big and some are relatively small. Big rigs drill very deep holes, 20000 feet (ft), 3000 meters (m) or more; small rigs may only drill to a few thousand ft or meters. People in the oil land describe groups of rigs into 6 basic types: Land, Jack up, Platform, Submersible, Semi-Submersible and Drill Ship. 

A land rig drills on dry land. There is the most common rig. Light duty rigs drill holes from 3000-5000ft, or 1000-1500m; Medium duty rigs drill to depth ranging from about 4000-10000ft or 12000-3000m; Heavy duty rigs drill holes from about 12000-16000ft deep or 3500-5000m; Ultra-heavy duty rigs drill holes from about 18000-25000ft or more (5500-7500m or more).

Saturday, June 16, 2012

What’s the Frack? A Guide to Fracking And Why It’s Seen As Controversial?

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Getting to the point, fracking, or to give it it’s proper name, hydraulic fracturing, is the process of drilling down into the earth and setting off a series of small explosions to shatter and make cracks in hard rocks such as shale in order to release the gas inside. Water is then injected into the rock along with chemicals and sand to encourage the gas to escape to the top of the “mine” or “well.” (If only the teachers had made the lesson that simple!)

It is most commonly performed by drilling across the rock, but it is also regularly performed vertically, going straight down into the ground and enables the extractors to either find new sources of gas, or to extend their existing pipelines to increase their catchment area. 

Monday, June 11, 2012

Typical Questions For Piping Engineer’s Knowledge Testing (With Answers)

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Note: Each answer will appear to be wrong to some readers and right to others. Some questions will have what seems to be an absolute right answer. Others will not. So if you have got any good answer for below questions, leave us a comment. Find more details see at the end of article.

1. Can you explain in detail three or more major differences between code ANSI B31.1 and code ANSI B31.3?

Answer: There is only one major difference between the two, B31.1 is for Power Piping and B31.3 is for Refinery/Chemical Plant Piping.

2. There is a power plant inside a Process refinery. Where exactly the ANSI B31.1 & ANSI B31.3 scope break occurs?

Answer: Based on my experience there were two cases. Case #1, B31.1 stopped at the Power Plant Unit block valves. Thus all piping inside the Power Plant was B31.1. Case #2, B31.1 stopped at the equipment (Boiler) isolation block valves and then all other piping was B31.3. This is normally the choice of the owner/operator/client.

Tuesday, June 5, 2012

A Conceptual View of the Process Plant Layout

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Learning Objectives

Reduction of the plant cost involved with the basic consideration of case in operation, timely completion of fabrication and erection work, easy access for plant machinery operation and maintenance, safety in plant operation etc. are the basic aims during the conceptualisation of the process plant layout.

The process plant layout is the basic drawing prepared to represent the actual equipment prepared for the actual locations in terms of three space co-ordinates (x, y, z).

It is the drawing prepared at the beginning of any engineering activity and is used for various purposes like civil and structural work, erection of equipment piping instruments, electrical items, etc.

The movement of material, machine and man are a critical consideration during the initial phase of layout preparation. These movements are discussed in this chapter with reference to various activities like plant operations, fabrication and erection, maintenance, safety, economic analysis, aesthetic look, future expansion and geographical factors of any chemical process industry.

Monday, June 4, 2012

Piping Design Questionnaire (Piping Quiz)

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Piping Quiz - An old but very useful document to be studied if you are preparing for an interview.

Friday, June 1, 2012

Interaction Between Piping and Other Departments

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Introduction:

In general, every activity or work, whether big or small, personal or social, Urgent or routine, is successfully executed by a team, only through teamwork and the co-ordinate efforts of all the participants. In particular, engineering of a project is a task of a team. Its success depends on various factors, but no knowledge, skills, resources can lead to the successful completion of the project, if proper co-ordination, Team-spirit and efforts are absent. In any task, we have two categories of the responsibilities resting with each individual member of the Team.

a) Individual responsibilities solely to be executed by the individual, using his own knowledge, skills1 efforts, data—bank and resources.

b) Responsibilities in Inter- face Areas where each individual has to interact with one or more of the other team- members, by sharing the information, understanding each others’ problems and resolving, arriving at the best compromise on conflicting requirements to achieve the best results with no compromise with Quality, requirements and schedule.

 

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