Oil and Gas Laws Including Leases and Contract (Books)

I had been into a search for sometime for getting a book related to oil and gas laws. There are so many books available online but there is nothing much which is relevant to these thing. Hence, after a long search after so many days, i found two books which are a must have thing if you want to gain more knowledge about oil and gas laws.

I tried so long, that if i may find an e-book for it but for purchasing, only paper back edition is available. Hence i am listing both books below which should be helpful for all.

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Standards of Pipes and Fittings

The ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers - ASME/ANSI B16 Standards covers pipes and fittings in cast iron , cast bronze, wrought copper and steel.

ASME/ANSI B16.1 - 1998 - Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

This Standard for Classes 25, 125, and 250 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings covers:

• (a) pressure-temperature ratings,
• (b) sizes and method of designating openings of reducing fittings,
• (c) marking,
• (d) minimum requirements for materials,
• (e) dimensions and tolerances,
• (f) bolt, nut, and gasket dimensions and
• (g) tests.

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Piping Design - Material Specification

Basis of Specification

The following documents shall form the basis of project piping specifications: 

• Basic piping specifications from process department or process licensor. 

• Service summary indicating service against basic material of construction (MOC) for each service. This is available either from process discipline or process licensor. 

• For utility piping, the project piping specifications for these services may be based on in-house experience. However, the client’s project manager shall be consulted in such cases before proceeding.

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Hoses, Strainers, Sight Glasses and Expansion Bellows

Hose

Hose – Flexible pipe, normally small dia. maximum 4 to 6“ f generally 1-2“ f used when connecting points are not fixed / frequent removal is required, fixed fittings for mobility / carrying of equipment, etc. 

Standard for coupling is essential for every fixing / removal. Vibration isolation / expansion due to temperature variation. American standard hose coupling screw threads.

(ASA-B33.1.1935)

Types of Hoses

1. Garden hose

2. Chemical

3. Fire hose

4. Other hoses

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Flow Separators Types, Working and Functions

A cylindrical or spherical vessel used to separate oil, gas and water from the total fluid stream produced by a well. Separators can be either horizontal or vertical.

Separators can be classified into two-phase and three-phase separators (commonly called free-water knockout). The two-phase type deals only with oil and gas, while the three-phase type handles oil, water and gas. Additionally, separators can be categorized according to their operating pressure. Low-pressure units handle pressures of 10 to 180 psi [69 to 1241 kPa]. Medium-pressure separators operate from 230 to 700 psi [1586 to 4826 kPa]. High-pressure units handle pressures of 975 to 1500 psi [6722 to 10,342 kPa].

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Rail Tank Car Collapse (Must Watch)

Be careful when you design equipment for steam out. After steam out operation, obviously temperature would drop and steam would condense and vacuum could kick in if the vents are not sized for air ingress to prevent vacuum. See the video below….

This may be worth circulating to all engineers showing the folly of poor design and/or incorrect operating procedures. Apparently the rail car had been steamed out and was still hot inside when it started to rain. The tank had a vent designed to release pressure, not for a vacuum. Also the design of the tank was to operate at pressure and had no vacuum support rings on it. The collapse occurred very quickly. I hope the video works.

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