Olden Days of 3D Modeling in Petrochemical Industry

The olden days :)

This is what modeling looked like before computers. I wonder if anyone still does this. It looks like models of various plants.

So, before computer 3D modeling, there was this. And before models there was 'Plans/sections & details' drafted on a drafting board then they just built the plant. 

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Asme Boiler Aand Pressure Vessel Code Sections

The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code contains 11 sections:

Section I Power Boilers

Section II Material Specifications

Section III Rules for Construction of Nuclear Power Plant Components

• Division 1 Nuclear Power Plant Components
• Division 2 Concrete Reactor Vessel and Containments
• Division 3 Containment Systems and Transport Packaging for Spent Nuclear

Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste

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Download Set of Presentations related to Oil & Gas Sector

Recently i got an email from "DecomWorld", an online Oil & Gas magazine related to oil & gas sector where those guys shared with me with few sets of presentations which i found highly useful and since i believe in formula of knowledge sharing with all, hence i took permission with them to share all of the presentations with you guys. 

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Type of Piping Systems in Piping Design

Find out major types of Piping Systems being implemented in Piping Design:

Based on Design Temperature and Pressure

• Critical
• Main steam piping, HP Bypass system
• Hot Reheat System, Cold Reheat System and Low Pressure (LP)
• Bypass System
• Boiler Feed Water piping
• Turbine Extraction system
• Steam piping to Turbo driven Boiler Feed Water pump.
• Condensate piping
• Auxiliary steam piping.
• Any system with a design temperature of 400 deg C or higher.
• Any system with an ASME flange rating of Class 900 or higher
• Other systems which are considered critical because of pressure
• and/or Temperature Considerations.
• Non Critical
• Exclusive of all above

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Emergency Response Plan in a Refinery and Petrochemical Plants and Various Source of Pollution in Plant

A plant is always designed with safety in mind. As the final layer of design safety, Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) are built in which cause shut down of the plant in unsafe situations. SIS is a system composed of sensors, logic solvers, and final control elements for the purpose of taking the process to a safe state when pre-determined conditions are violated.

Elements of An Emergency Response Plan

The owner must develop an emergency response plan for emergencies which must address, the following as a minimum:

· Pre emergency planning and coordination with outside parties

· Emergency command system

· Personnel roles, lines of authority, training, and communication in the command system.

· Emergency recognition and prevention

· Safe distance and control

· Emergency medical treatment and first aid.

· Emergency alerting and response procedures

· List of emergency equipment and their location

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Possible Causes of Accident on a Project/ Process

Causes of Accident

The various causes of accidents are:

· Defect in Design

· Defect in Construction

· Defect in Material of Equipment

· Faulty Operation or Maintenance

· Lack of Monitoring

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Primary & Secondary Movement of Oil & Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Techniques

In the beginning of field life, unless the pressures are very low, the well fluid comes out of wells on its own pressure. This kind of production of oil on its own pressure is called Primary Production. A primary production facility comprises of:

· Manifold on top of the well, called Christmas Tree.

· Equipment and systems for separation of oil, gas and water.

· Equipment and systems to make the oil and gas as free of water as specified by the customer (dehydration of oil & gas).

· Equipment and systems for measurement and transportation of oil & gas to the customer.

· Equipment and systems to treat water for disposal.

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An Introduction To Rig Types And Basic Drilling String Components

RIG TYPES

Overview:

Drilling rigs like these bore or drill holes into the earth. Usually they drill to find oil or gas. They work both on land and offshore. Some are big and some are relatively small. Big rigs drill very deep holes, 20000 feet (ft), 3000 meters (m) or more; small rigs may only drill to a few thousand ft or meters. People in the oil land describe groups of rigs into 6 basic types: Land, Jack up, Platform, Submersible, Semi-Submersible and Drill Ship. 

A land rig drills on dry land. There is the most common rig. Light duty rigs drill holes from 3000-5000ft, or 1000-1500m; Medium duty rigs drill to depth ranging from about 4000-10000ft or 12000-3000m; Heavy duty rigs drill holes from about 12000-16000ft deep or 3500-5000m; Ultra-heavy duty rigs drill holes from about 18000-25000ft or more (5500-7500m or more).

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Pipeline Pigging and Its Operation

General

Pipeline pigs and spheres are used for a variety of purposes in both liquids and natural gas pipelines.

Pigs and spheres are forced through the pipeline by the pressure of the flowing fluid. A pig usually consists of a steel body with rubber or plastic cups attached to seal against the inside of the pipeline and to allow pressure to move the pig along the pipeline. Different types of brushes and scrapers can be attached to the body of the pig for cleaning or to perform other functions.

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Methods of Joining Pipe - Pipe Work

Applications of Pipework

Pipework is extensively used throughout an offshore installation to move fluids and gases from one location to another. It can generally be classified into the following three broad groupings:

Process

Used to transport the produced fluids and gases between processing units on the platform.

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