PressFit Piping Systems Installation and Advantages

The Pressfit piping system is an innovative, rigid, self-restrained mechanical joining method for schedule 5 or lighter weight lightweight stainless steel and carbon steel pipe. This proprietary mechanical pipe joint is designed for use in small-bore piping systems, NPS ¹⁄₂ (DN15) to NPS 2 (DN50). The Pressfit system may be applied to any service that is compatible with the piping materials, the gasket material, and the temperature range of the system, unless prohibited by the manufacturer’s instructions.

Typical applications would include building-services piping, potable water, fire protection, heating and cooling, industrial processes, process cooling and heating systems, plant utilities, and vacuum systems.

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PreStressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP) Details

Prestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP) has been manufactured in the United States since 1942. An American Water Works Association (AWWA) tentative standard was developed in 1949 and was made a permanent standard in 1952. Since that time, this standard has been reviewed and updated on a regular basis. PCCP offers the specifier and owner numerous advantages, including ease of installation, custom-designed fittings, superior corrosion resistance, high-flow characteristics, low maintenance costs, and product support by the manufacturer. PCCP is used extensively for a wide range of project types both in the United States and around the world.

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Flange Specification and Identification Codes

A flange is specified by the following information:

Type and Facing. The flange is specified according to whether it is, for example, ‘‘weld-neck RTJ’’ or ‘‘socket-weld RF.’’ Ring joint facing and RTJ gasket dimensions for ASME B16.5 are shown in Table A.1-6.

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Types of Flange End Connection

The flange-end connection defines the way in which it is attached to the pipe. The following are commonly available standard flange end types:

Weld-Neck (WN) Flange

Weld-neck flanges are distinguished from other types by their long, tapered hub and gentle transition to the region where the WN flange is butt-welded to the pipe. The long, tapered hub provides an important reinforcement of the flange, increasing its strength and resistance to dishing. WN flanges are typically used on arduous duties involving high pressures or hazardous fluids.

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Variety of Standards Used in Design and Selection of Flanges

Flange Standards

There are a variety of standards used in the design and selection of flanges. The following codes and standards relate to pipe flanges:

ASME Codes and Standards:

B16.1 - Cast Iron Flanges and Flanged Fittings
B16.5 - Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
B16.24 - Bronze Flanges and Fittings–150 and 300 Classes

B16.42 - Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings–150 and 300 Classes

B16.47 - Large Diameter Steel Flanges

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Olden Days of 3D Modeling in Petrochemical Industry

The olden days :)

This is what modeling looked like before computers. I wonder if anyone still does this. It looks like models of various plants.

So, before computer 3D modeling, there was this. And before models there was 'Plans/sections & details' drafted on a drafting board then they just built the plant. 

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Tubular Product Classification (Piping and Tubing)

Pipe and tubing are considered to be separate products, although geometrically they are quite similar. ‘‘Tubular products’’ infers cylindrical products which are hollow, and the classification of ‘‘pipe’’ or ‘‘tube’’ is determined by the end use.

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ASME B31.9: Building Services Piping (Addenda & Code Cases)

Scope

ASME B31.9 applies to the following building services:

œ Water for heating and cooling

œ Condensing water

œ Steam or other condensate

œ Steam

œ Vacuum

œ Compressed air and other nontoxic and nonflammable gases

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ASME B31.1: Power Piping Code

Scope

ASME B31.1, Power Piping Code, prescribes requirements for the design, material, fabrication, erection, test, and inspection of power and auxiliary service piping systems for electric generation stations, industrial and institutional plants, central and district heating plants, and district heating systems. It does not apply to piping systems covered by other sections of the Code for Pressure Piping, and other piping which is specifically excluded from the scope of this code. 

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ASME B31: Code For Pressure Piping

Starting with Project B31 in March 1926, the first edition of American tentative Standard Code for Pressure Piping was published in 1935. In view of continuous industry developments and increases in diversified needs over the years, decisions were made to publish several sections of the Code for Pressure Piping. Since December 1978, the American National Standards Committee B31 was reorganized as theASME Code for Pressure Piping B31 Committee under procedures developed by the ASME and accredited by ANSI.

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ASME Section XI: Rules For In-Service Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components

Scope

ASME Section XI comprises three divisions, each covering rules for inspection and testing of components of different types of nuclear power plants. These three divisions are as follows:

• ASME Section XI, Division 1: Rules for Inspection and Testing of Components of Light-Water-Cooled Plants
• ASME Section XI, Division 2: Rules for Inspection and Testing of Components of Gas-Cooled Plants
• ASME Section XI, Division 3: Rules for Inspection and Testing of Components of Liquid-Metal-Cooled Plants.

Since the publication of the first edition of ASME Section XI in 1971, significant changes and additions have been incorporated, and as such, the organization of the later versions of ASME Section XI, Division 1, is considerably different from that of the first edition.

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ASME Section IX: Welding And Brazing Qualifications

Scope

ASME Section IX consists of two parts—Part QW and Part QB—which deal with welding and brazing, respectively. In addition, ASME Section IX contains mandatory and nonmandatory appendixes.

ASME Section IX requirements relate to the qualification of welders, welding operators, brazers, and brazing operators and the procedures used in welding and brazing. They establish the basic criteria for welding and brazing observed in the preparation of welding and brazing requirements that affect procedure and performance.

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ASME Section V: Non-Destructive Examination

Scope

ASME Section V comprises Subsection A, Subsection B, and mandatory and nonmandatory appendixes. Subsection A delineates the methods of nondestructive examination, and Subsection B contains various ASTM standards covering nondestructive examination methods that have been adopted as standards. The standards contained in Subsection B are for information only and are nonmandatory unless specifically referenced in whole or in part in Subsection A or referenced in other code sections and other codes, such as ASME B31, Pressure Piping Code. 

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Need of Pipe Supports and Hangers in Piping Design

INTRODUCTION

The Piping Profile in general can be considered as a complex and rigid piping network consisting of various piping components, which have different diameters and weights. At the same time the above network is also subjected to temperature change while switching from installed to operating condition (and visa versa) resulting into its thermal growth in various directions in proportion to the length of pipes. The structural integrity of the above network must therefore take into account the overall weight effect of the profile besides its thermal growth.

A satisfactory design of the Piping System should therefore give a careful consideration to achieve the above requirement. This is generally accomplished by providing external attachments (known as pipe supports) at various locations of the piping profile. This document deals with the basic purpose of the pipe supports, classification based on construction / functions and a few typical types of pipe supports. In general it deals with metallic piping systems only.

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List of Free Magazines Subscriptions Offers and Ebooks Downloads

I have prepared a biggest list of free magazines and e-books which are available to download free of cost legally. I have been preparing this list since last many days and finally had been successful in making it a very comprehensive with all proper details.

To make our readers happy, we are able to offer our feed readers and regular readers on website freebies like Magazines (Online and Print Edition) and lots of Free and legal E-book which anyone can freely distribute.

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Hoses, Strainers, Sight Glasses and Expansion Bellows

Hose

Hose – Flexible pipe, normally small dia. maximum 4 to 6“ f generally 1-2“ f used when connecting points are not fixed / frequent removal is required, fixed fittings for mobility / carrying of equipment, etc. 

Standard for coupling is essential for every fixing / removal. Vibration isolation / expansion due to temperature variation. American standard hose coupling screw threads.

(ASA-B33.1.1935)

Types of Hoses

1. Garden hose

2. Chemical

3. Fire hose

4. Other hoses

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Pipeline risks, Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) and Pipeline Construction and Various Steps Involved

The most common pipeline threats which may lead to the loss of technical integrity are given below:

• Internal corrosion and Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC)
• Internal erosion
• External corrosion and bi-carbonate stress corrosion cracking
• Mechanical impact, external interference.
• Fatigue. E.g. sudden surges of pressure in the fluid
• Hydrodynamic forces
• Geo-technical forces
• Growth of material defects
• Over-pressurization
• Thermal expansion forces

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Various IT Applications in Plant Operation and How Linear Programming (LP) is used in Refinery

Linear Programming (LP) application software is used for process plant. It is designed to provide plants with an economic advantage in today’s highly competitive environment. This system uses feedstock properties, plant models, and economic considerations to help planners maximize profitability over a board operating range-both in conceptual and design stage as well as to optimize the operation. It takes into consideration of all the constrains and variables expressed in the form of linear equations. The ideal applications of LP model is where:

• There are many potential solution
• Certain objectives to be optimized
• Interconnectedness between the variable elements of the system.

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Cost Components Comparisons of On-Land and Sub-Seq pipelines

The major cost of on-land pipeline will comprise of:

·         Survey of Route

·         Acquiring ROW

·         Line Pipe

·         Wrapping and Corrosion Coating

·         Welding of Line Pipe

·         Trenching

·         Laying of Pipes

·         Backfilling and Restoration

·         Cathodic Protection by Impressed Current System

·         Placement of Route markers

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Use of IT in Design and Engineering of a Process Plant

In the process industry, the design phase starts with the process design and followed by engineering design for other disciplines.

Two of the most important drawing documents in this stage are:

A Process Flow Diagram (PFD), shows all equipment in the process scheme like pumps, compressors, heater, reactors, distillation column that are required for processing, and links them up in the form of a flow diagram showing materials flow and heat flow through each of the equipment.

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