Design Detail Considerations for Piping Supports

ASME Code for Pressure Piping

Specific design requirements for piping support are included in the sections of ASME B31, Code for Pressure Piping, listed below:

● B31.1, Power Piping

● B31.2, Fuel Gas Piping

● B31.3, Process Piping

● B31.4, Liquid Transportation Systems for Hydrocarbons, Liquid Petroleum Gas, Anhydrous Ammonia, and Alcohols

● B31.5, Refrigeration Piping

● B31.8, Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems

● B31.9, Building Services Piping

● B31.11, Slurry Transportation Piping Systems

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Use of Codes And Standards in Piping System Design

In practice, the assurance that the design and construction of a piping system will meet prescribed pressure-integrity requirements is achieved through the use of published codes and standards. Numerous codes and standards have been formulated and published by major interest groups of the piping and pressure vessel industry. The most widely used codes and standards for piping system design are published by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) accredits many of these codes and standards.

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Definition of The Term Design Bases

Design bases are the physical attributes, loading and service conditions, environmental factors, and materials-related factors which must be considered in the detailed design of a piping system, to ensure its pressure integrity over its design life.

Physical Attributes

Physical attributes are those parameters that govern the size, layout, and dimensional limits or proportions of the piping system. Dimensional standards have been established for most piping components such as fittings, flanges, and valves, as well as for the diameter and wall thickness of standard manufactured pipe. Those standards are identified in the section ‘‘Use of Codes and Standards in Piping System Design.’’

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Piping Supports - Reference Codes and Standards

INTRODUCTION

The correct and economical selection of the supports for any piping system usually presents difficulties of varying degrees, some relatively minor and others of a more critical nature. Proper support selection should be the objective of all phases of design and construction.

Many pipe support problems may be minimized or avoided if proper attention is given to the means of support during the piping layout design phase. The piping designer’s familiarity with support problems, accepted practices, and commercially available pipe support components and their applications is extremely important.

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Terminology Related To Valves

Actuator: A device that operates a valve by utilizing electricity, pneumatics, hydraulics, or a combination of one or more of these energies. Sometimes actuators are referred to as operators. In this chapter, the word operator will be used for a person who operates any equipment, machine, plant, or system.

Ambient conditions: The pressure and temperature of the environment surrounding a valve.

Back-flow: The flow that occurs in the opposite direction of the normal or expected fluid flow.

Back pressure: The static pressure existing at the outlet of a pressure-relief device due to pressure in the discharge system.

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Variety of Standards Used in Design and Selection of Flanges

Flange Standards

There are a variety of standards used in the design and selection of flanges. The following codes and standards relate to pipe flanges:

ASME Codes and Standards:

B16.1 - Cast Iron Flanges and Flanged Fittings
B16.5 - Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
B16.24 - Bronze Flanges and Fittings–150 and 300 Classes

B16.42 - Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings–150 and 300 Classes

B16.47 - Large Diameter Steel Flanges

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Olden Days of 3D Modeling in Petrochemical Industry

The olden days :)

This is what modeling looked like before computers. I wonder if anyone still does this. It looks like models of various plants.

So, before computer 3D modeling, there was this. And before models there was 'Plans/sections & details' drafted on a drafting board then they just built the plant. 

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ASME B31.4: Liquid Transportation Systems for Hydrocarbons, Liquid Petroleum Gas, Anhydrous Ammonia, and Alochols

Scope

Section B31.4 of the ASME Pressure Piping Code prescribes requirements for the design, materials, construction, assembly, inspection, and testing of piping transporting liquids such as crude oil, condensate, natural gasoline, natural gas liquids, liquefied petroleum gas, liquid alcohol, liquid anhydrous ammonia, and liquid petroleum products between producers’ lease facilities, tank farms, natural-gas processing plants, refineries, stations, ammonia plants, terminals, and other delivery and receiving points.

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ASME B31.1: Power Piping Code

Scope

ASME B31.1, Power Piping Code, prescribes requirements for the design, material, fabrication, erection, test, and inspection of power and auxiliary service piping systems for electric generation stations, industrial and institutional plants, central and district heating plants, and district heating systems. It does not apply to piping systems covered by other sections of the Code for Pressure Piping, and other piping which is specifically excluded from the scope of this code. 

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ASME B31: Code For Pressure Piping

Starting with Project B31 in March 1926, the first edition of American tentative Standard Code for Pressure Piping was published in 1935. In view of continuous industry developments and increases in diversified needs over the years, decisions were made to publish several sections of the Code for Pressure Piping. Since December 1978, the American National Standards Committee B31 was reorganized as theASME Code for Pressure Piping B31 Committee under procedures developed by the ASME and accredited by ANSI.

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ASME Section XI: Rules For In-Service Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components

Scope

ASME Section XI comprises three divisions, each covering rules for inspection and testing of components of different types of nuclear power plants. These three divisions are as follows:

• ASME Section XI, Division 1: Rules for Inspection and Testing of Components of Light-Water-Cooled Plants
• ASME Section XI, Division 2: Rules for Inspection and Testing of Components of Gas-Cooled Plants
• ASME Section XI, Division 3: Rules for Inspection and Testing of Components of Liquid-Metal-Cooled Plants.

Since the publication of the first edition of ASME Section XI in 1971, significant changes and additions have been incorporated, and as such, the organization of the later versions of ASME Section XI, Division 1, is considerably different from that of the first edition.

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ASME Section IX: Welding And Brazing Qualifications

Scope

ASME Section IX consists of two parts—Part QW and Part QB—which deal with welding and brazing, respectively. In addition, ASME Section IX contains mandatory and nonmandatory appendixes.

ASME Section IX requirements relate to the qualification of welders, welding operators, brazers, and brazing operators and the procedures used in welding and brazing. They establish the basic criteria for welding and brazing observed in the preparation of welding and brazing requirements that affect procedure and performance.

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ASME Section VIII: Pressure Vessels

Scope

The rules of ASME Section VIII constitute construction requirements for pressure vessels. Division 2 ofASME SectionVIII delineates alternative rules of construction to Division 1 requirements. However, there are some differences between the scopes of the two divisions. Recently added Division 3 provides Alternative Rules for Construction of High-Pressure Vessels.

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ASME Section V: Non-Destructive Examination

Scope

ASME Section V comprises Subsection A, Subsection B, and mandatory and nonmandatory appendixes. Subsection A delineates the methods of nondestructive examination, and Subsection B contains various ASTM standards covering nondestructive examination methods that have been adopted as standards. The standards contained in Subsection B are for information only and are nonmandatory unless specifically referenced in whole or in part in Subsection A or referenced in other code sections and other codes, such as ASME B31, Pressure Piping Code. 

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ASME Section III: Nuclear Power Plant Components

Scope

Division1of ASME Section III contains requirements for piping classified as ASME Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3. ASME Section III does not delineate the criteria for classifying piping into Class 1, Class 2, or Class 3; it specifies the requirements for design, materials, fabrication, installation, examination, testing, inspection, certifi- cation, and stamping of piping systems after they have been classified Class 1, Class 2, or Class 3 based upon the applicable design criteria and Regulatory Guide 1.26, Quality Group Classifications and Standards for Water-Steam, and Radio-Waste- Containing Components of Nuclear Power Plants. 

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ASME Section II: Materials

Scope

ASME Section II consists of four parts, three of which contain material specifications and the fourth the properties of materials which are invoked for construction of items within the scope of the various sections of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and ASME B31, Code for Pressure Piping. Therefore, ASME Section II is considered a supplementary section of the code.

Part A: Ferrous Material Specifications: Part A contains material specifications for steel pipe, flanges, plates, bolting materials, and castings and wrought, cast, and malleable iron. These specifications are identified by the prefix SA followed by a number such as SA-53 or SA-106.

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ASME Section I: Power Boilers

Scope

ASME Section I has total administrative jurisdiction and technical responsibility for boiler proper; refer to following given figure. The piping defined as boiler external piping (BEP) is required to comply with the mandatory certification by code symbol stamping, ASME data forms, and authorized inspection requirements, called Administrative Jurisdiction, of ASME Section I; however, it must satisfy the technical requirements (design, materials, fabrication, installation, nondestructive examination, etc.) of ASME B31.1, Power Piping Code.

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Asme Boiler Aand Pressure Vessel Code Sections

The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code contains 11 sections:

Section I Power Boilers

Section II Material Specifications

Section III Rules for Construction of Nuclear Power Plant Components

• Division 1 Nuclear Power Plant Components
• Division 2 Concrete Reactor Vessel and Containments
• Division 3 Containment Systems and Transport Packaging for Spent Nuclear

Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste

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Download Set of Presentations related to Oil & Gas Sector

Recently i got an email from "DecomWorld", an online Oil & Gas magazine related to oil & gas sector where those guys shared with me with few sets of presentations which i found highly useful and since i believe in formula of knowledge sharing with all, hence i took permission with them to share all of the presentations with you guys. 

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Major Oil Projects in World

Major oil projects continue to operate in recession and are still in progress, which include projects such as:

   * Exxon-Mobil - Hoover-Diana Project - Gulf of Mexico
   * Imperial Oil  - Oil Sands Operations  - Alberta, Canada
   * Baldpate, Gulf of Mexico, USA
   * Bombax Pipeline Development, Trinidad and Tobago
   * Brutus, Gulf of Mexico, USA
   * Cantarell Oil Field, Gulf of Mexico, Mexico
   * Canyon Express Gas Field, Mississippi Canyon, USA

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